<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rss version="2.0"><channel><title>Blogs</title><link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/</link><description>Blogs</description><item>
		<title>erica</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1014/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1014/</guid>
		<description>		hello my name is erica.i was born and raised&amp;amp;nbsp;in brooklyn (greenpoint)new york city.i moved to indiana in 2001.life out here in the midwest is a whole lot diffrent then n.y.,diffrent but great. quiet, peaceful, beautiful.its definately a great place to raise kids. the city could be so crazy, one of the things i do miss are the puerto ricans.&amp;amp;nbsp; i miss that new york vibe. i miss my nuyo ricans, but any way i'm putting my self out here&amp;amp;nbsp; hoping to meet some cool pepole to talk shit with&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; holla </description>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 17:05:26 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>TO ALL MY REAL FRIENDS: HAPPY MOTHERS DAY</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1013/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1013/</guid>
		<description>		MyHotComments MyHotComments MyHotComments </description>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 06:05:15 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>To all the MOTHERS out there!!!</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1012/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1012/</guid>
		<description>		SORRY I HAVEN'T BEEN ONLINE FOR A WHILE, BUT I'M BUSY WITH MY MOTHER THAT IS VISITING ME. I HOPE YOU ALL HAVE A GOOD ONE ON MOTHER'S DAY.&amp;amp;nbsp; LOVE ALWAYS WANDA (POOH)   </description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 05:05:21 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>PARA TODAS LAS MADRES...</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1011/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1011/</guid>
		<description>		LAS MADRE AGUANTA&amp;amp;nbsp;LAS MANITAS&amp;amp;nbsp;DE SUS HIJOS POR UN RATITO PERO AGUANTAN SU CORAZON POR SIEMPRE...</description>
		<pubDate>Fri, 9 May 2008 07:05:57 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>Bayuyaso en Boston</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1010/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1010/</guid>
		<description>		Hi amig@s, I'm trying to get a few ppl from Boricua.com together this summer. I had posted a few months back about a Salsa Cruise here in Boston that goes on during the summer. The dates are posted and I thought it will be nice to get a feed back on which date will be good. I tough Friday is best so we have a few to pick...first cruise is on June 20, next will be July 11 and July 25. Here is the link where you can get more info..and feel free to comment back with your ideas. This will be a blast bayu!!!! WEEPAAA!&amp;amp;nbsp;Luv much...CurlyDhttp://salsaboston.com/cruise/</description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 8 May 2008 09:05:57 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>Listen to my music...</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1009/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1009/</guid>
		<description>		You can listen to my music by going to my pages at: Puedes escuchar mis grabaciones musicales en: http://www.myspace.com/lindagmartinez http://www.myspace.com/lindagm http://www.myspace.com/chicalatina63 http://www.myspace.com/lindagonzalezmartinez Tell me if you like the music God has given me, i hope you enjoy them. God bless you. Espero que te guste&amp;amp;nbsp;la musica que El Senor me ha dado, todos nuestros talentos vienen de Dios. El nos ama.Bendiciones Linda Gonzalez-Martinez&amp;amp;nbsp; Linda</description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 7 May 2008 19:05:28 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>To all Mothers in Boricua.com</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1008/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1008/</guid>
		<description>		</description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 7 May 2008 15:05:23 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>AfroBoriquaQueen</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1006/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1006/</guid>
		<description>		I find that it is often that many forget who their granmother is.&amp;amp;nbsp; When I tell people that I am boriqua, they assume I am domincan&amp;amp;nbsp;or from panama even.&amp;amp;nbsp; It's a shame that ignorance is still so common in our culture.&amp;amp;nbsp; Perhaps one day soon many of us will&amp;amp;nbsp;remember who&amp;amp;nbsp;our grand mother is and will remember our roots.&amp;amp;nbsp; ( for those Curious Man-I-Cure --Manicure is my company. Not anything sexual :) )&amp;amp;quot; border=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot; /&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;quot; border=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot; /&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;</description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 6 May 2008 23:05:44 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>i have a my space page</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1005/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1005/</guid>
		<description>		i have a my space page visit and look at my pic therelavagirl2447@yahoo.com search my email and look at my page&amp;amp;nbsp;</description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 6 May 2008 12:05:03 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>What to think?...</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1004/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1004/</guid>
		<description>		What do we think when things go the way they weren't expected? Don't we all think negative and ask questions with demanding answers? How are we supposed to feel&amp;amp;nbsp;but still remain calm and positive?!</description>
		<pubDate>Mon, 5 May 2008 11:05:30 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>CARTA A MI MADRE.</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1003/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1003/</guid>
		<description>		Carta a mi Madre .Dedico estos versos lo escribo del corazon Pensamientos que llevo adentro a mi Madre con Amor. .A&amp;amp;nbsp;nadie yo le digo Lo que tengo&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;en mi mente, pues solo en Dios confio y a mi Madre que esta Presente..&amp;amp;nbsp;Todos mis problemas Solo a ti te las decia Porque se que tu jamas me Traicionarias ..En ti deje caer las lagrimas que yo lloraba, Porque siempre tu me has dado el consuelo que yo buscaba .E llorado mucho se lo que es sufrirPero por cada lagrima que yo llore tu llorastes mil !.Perdona Madre mia por todo lo que hice .Jamas fue mi intencion verte siempre triste..&amp;amp;quot;Yo soy una Victima &amp;amp;quot;siempre tu decias.Tanto que a sufrido &amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;Pobre Hija Mia&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp; .Siempre me defiendes,Pero estas en un error!Por mas que tu lo nieges,LA VICTIMA NO FUI YO!&amp;amp;nbsp;.DE&amp;amp;nbsp;TU HIJA&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; Elizabeth TE AMO MADRECopyright &amp;amp;copy;2007&amp;amp;nbsp;Elizabeth&amp;amp;nbsp;Perez</description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 1 May 2008 08:05:24 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>Were Gonna' Get The Puerto Ricans</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1002/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1002/</guid>
		<description>		In spite of having been almost completely wiped out within two decades, the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos left us their heritage - a legacy. Traces of Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no physical characteristics are found in Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no descendants clustered in areas of Borinquen. The names of many towns (Mayag&amp;amp;uuml;ez, Coamo), foods (mamey), instruments, trees and plants are original Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no names. We have little detailed knowledge of Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no culture, religion and daily life. What we know comes from Spanish documents and from recent excavations. Before Columbus and Spain disturbed the natural balance of our paradise. Our culture of the&amp;amp;nbsp;Boricua's was a culture of Royalty and order, of peace and fellowship bound by love and destiny. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos on Boricua ruled what we know&amp;amp;nbsp;today as the Caribbean. We&amp;amp;nbsp;emphasized peace and honor above all keeping fellow Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no tribes at a distance but only to make trades of goods and food, compete in games&amp;amp;nbsp;and celebrations on our court yards.&amp;amp;nbsp;Borik&amp;amp;eacute;n was in an essence the mecca that Columbus set out to find for the King and Queen of Spain. And when he finally&amp;amp;nbsp;made it to Boricua and saw our paradise, his words were: &amp;amp;quot;I have found&amp;amp;nbsp;all the riches&amp;amp;nbsp;of the earth and&amp;amp;nbsp;what I have been looking for all my life. Send notice to the queen, for there is great&amp;amp;nbsp;riches to be brought back to Spain&amp;amp;quot;.&amp;amp;nbsp;It was&amp;amp;nbsp;then named Puerto Rico, making&amp;amp;nbsp;the future&amp;amp;nbsp;children&amp;amp;nbsp;of it's current&amp;amp;nbsp;inhabitants,&amp;amp;nbsp;Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos, Spaniards, some Italian and some Irish and even Portuguese,&amp;amp;nbsp;as they were born Puerto Ricans (the first Puerto Ricans for that matter). Some 300 years later African slaves&amp;amp;nbsp;where allowed on the island (&amp;amp;nbsp;brought&amp;amp;nbsp;over from Hispaniola and&amp;amp;nbsp;Jamaica&amp;amp;nbsp;) as labor and thus, the multi cultural appearance&amp;amp;nbsp;in the more recent generations we see of Puerto Ricans. Our Boricua Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no heritage is very important and should not be forgotten.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; Imagine the &amp;amp;quot;Eden&amp;amp;quot; called Borik&amp;amp;eacute;n. It was ruled by nature. A place that was almost completely a rain forest from shore to shore. A place filled with yagrumos, alel&amp;amp;iacute;s, ceibas, orchids, wild mushrooms - some over 6 feet wide, over 100 species of palm trees, bamboo, elephant ear leaves of the yaut&amp;amp;iacute;a, giant philodendron, giant ferns, mamey and guava trees. A place where wildlife such as cangrejos, manatees, giant sea turtles, iguanas, cotorras, and carpinteros lived undisturbed by man. Giant fish jumped out of rivers and oceans. Each evening Borik&amp;amp;eacute;n was cooled by the breezes of the Mar Caribe and serenaded by trillions of coqu&amp;amp;iacute;es (unique only to the island of&amp;amp;nbsp;Boricua). This was our Isla del Encanto during the reign of the brave Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no people. Much has been said of the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos lately, but it wasn't until the early 1900's that the study of the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos took off. The origin of the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos was not proven until 1950 when scientists were able to trace them through their unique white-on-red pottery. Their origins are in the Orinoco and Amazon River basins - what is now Venezuela and Guianas. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos began their migration, in waves, through the Caribbean Islands in approximately 900 BC. Their origins have been traced to the Village of Saladero in Venezuela. As the years passed, the Arawakans, who landed in the Greater Antilles developed a distinct culture that we now call Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no. This distinct culture was somewhat different from the original Arawak culture and different from that of their brothers, the fierce Caribs of the Lesser Antilles. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no written language was in the form of petroglyphs, or symbols that were carved in stone. They spoke Arawakan. Their society was communal. Polygamy was common. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos were farmers and fishermen.On September 25, 1493, Crist&amp;amp;oacute;bal Col&amp;amp;oacute;n sailed&amp;amp;nbsp;from the port of C&amp;amp;aacute;diz, Spain on his second voyage to the New World. A stop was made in the Canary Islands. On November 3rd the entourage came upon the island of Guadalupe, where they rescued a handful of Indians from the hands of the &amp;amp;quot;Caribs.&amp;amp;quot; The Indians claimed to be from an island further north called Borik&amp;amp;eacute;n. After discovering the Virgin Islands, they spotted Puerto Rico and the Sierra de Luquillo. To the amazement of the Spaniards, the Indians jumped into the oceans and swam for shore. The fleet of ships continued to sail the east, south and western coast of Borik&amp;amp;eacute;n. The fleet anchored in the Aguada-Aguadilla region. The end of the Puerto Rican Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no simple existence ended over 500 years ago, on November 19th 1493. In 1508 Ponce de Le&amp;amp;oacute;n arrived in the Island, with the intentions of settling it. It was not until 1509 that colonization began. Countless atrocities were committed by the Spaniards upon the peaceful Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos. They commited group suicide as an escape, but it was mainly disease that decimated the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos so quickly. In 1516, only eight years later, there were so few Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos left in the Caribbean that Father Bartolom&amp;amp;eacute; de las Casas won a &amp;amp;quot;crown order&amp;amp;quot; to free the Indians. In 1527, a small pox epidemic in Puerto Rico killed one third of the remaining Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no population. In 1542, a Bishop was sent to Puerto Rico to inform the Indians of their &amp;amp;quot;new&amp;amp;quot; complete freedom. Crist&amp;amp;oacute;foro Colombo wrote in his journal that Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos had beautiful, tall, slender bodies. Their color was dark or olive (So we had our own color before we mixed with other cultures), and they wore short haircuts with a long hank at the back of the head. They were clean-shaven and hairless. The islands were densely populated. According to Crist&amp;amp;oacute;bal Col&amp;amp;oacute;n, the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no tongue was &amp;amp;quot;gentle, the sweetest in the world, always with a laugh.&amp;amp;quot; ( we were naturally peaceful)Borik&amp;amp;eacute;n's head cacique at the time of the arrival of Col&amp;amp;oacute;n was Ag&amp;amp;uuml;eyban&amp;amp;aacute;. The island was divided into cacicazgos. Puerto Rico had approximately 20 caciques at the time of Columbus. The Island was divided into provinces, districts, and villages, each with a cacique. The social structure was as follows: Nita&amp;amp;iacute;nos were the noblemen and were the warriors, craftsmen &amp;amp;amp; artesans. Naborias were the laborers and were the lower class. Caciques (chiefs) were inherited positions and came from the Nita&amp;amp;iacute;no class. Bohikes (shamans) were from a lineage of bohikes. The social structure was matrilineal - the lineage was carried by the mother. It is not clear if Nita&amp;amp;iacute;nos were born into or earned their social class. The Nita&amp;amp;iacute;nos ruled over the naborias. The Naborias were like serfs. Naborias fished, hunted, and worked the conucos, and generally did the hard labor. The cacique was an inherited position of great privilege, which transcended individual yucayeques. The cacique was polygamous. Some of his wives were from political marriages that would unite yucayeques and form alliances. The cacique also wore a distinctive head covering made from a cotton band with a gold amulet or seal of the tribal chieftains. It was fashioned with blue and red macaw feathers and other parrot feathers of many colors. Caciques also wore a Mao, which was a round white cotton cover with a center hole used to cover the shoulders, chest and back. The Mao was a status symbol and was also used to keep the sun off the shoulders. Caciques participated in the cohoba ceremonies. They also owned the most powerful religious symbols, which were carved from wood or stone. A cacique was carried on a litter by Naborias. Often a cacique's favorite wife or wives were buried alive with him. First they were given a potion to drink that would allow them to sleep through it. The yucayeques were built close to a source of water with a courtyard in the middle and under tall trees. Yucayeques had four roads that led out from the batey. A tall fence surrounded the village. A road was built leading directly to the water source, with two tall lookout towers at either side. Around the yucayeques were the conucos or farms. Sometimes ball game plazas were built outside the walls. Yucayeques never went to sleep completely. There were lookout posts to be manned, nocturnal fishing and all night rituals to be conducted. The first order of the day was ritual bathing and prayers. A morning meal of cassave bread dipped in the communal pepper pot was served. Labor was then assigned by the leaders according to gender and group. Boh&amp;amp;iacute;os were round with conical shaped roofs without windows. The caneys, always located in a prominent location, were rectangular structures with windows, built for the caciques and bohiques only. They were large and sometimes housed 15 families. The shelters were built from bejucos and red de ca&amp;amp;ntilde;a and had thick walls. Each boh&amp;amp;iacute;o and caney had storage space made from a flat surface that hung from the roof of the dwelling. The storage space was filled with woven baskets that contained useful items. The floor of the dwelling was made of packed dirt, and was immaculately clean. A fog&amp;amp;oacute;n, a bur&amp;amp;eacute;n (griddle) and an olla (a large covered clay pot for cooking) were found along with dujos and hammocks for seating. Tamed parrots and small (now extinct) domesticated dogs were kept. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos cultivated bitter manioc or yuca in conucos (raised gardens). Conucos were tall mounds of loose dirt built for farming. They were 10 to 15 feet wide and as tall as a man. The yucca was planted in the conuco, since it needs aerated soil. Yuca was the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no staple food, and from it flour and casava bread were made. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos primarily used tubers as a source of food. Also harvested were guan&amp;amp;aacute;bana, yaut&amp;amp;iacute;a, squash, mamey, papaya, pineapple, achiote, sweet potatoes, yams,&amp;amp;nbsp;and corn. Peanuts, lerenes, guava, soursop, pineapples, sea grapes, black-eyed peas, aj&amp;amp;iacute;es caballeros, avacodo,&amp;amp;nbsp;bananas&amp;amp;nbsp;and lima beans grew wild. Processing of the manioc or yuca was a lengthy process. First the yuca tubers were peeled with a sharpened rock, and then grated and squeezed in a woven sleeve to squeeze out the poisonous juices. The flour was used to make the round and flat casava bread, which was cooked on a griddle propped on stones over a fire. The cooked bread was dried and stored and could be eaten months later ( and used to make empanadas, rellenos de papa, bacalaitos, alcapurrias, our early Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no&amp;amp;nbsp;Boricua's were on to something huh? too bad they yet again&amp;amp;nbsp;were not given proper credit as those dishes should be considered genuine Puerto Rican foods)&amp;amp;nbsp;. A soup was made using the poisonous juice of the yuca, cooking it until it was no longer poisonous. It cooked into a thick brown liquid that was seasoned with meats, yams, casava bread, sweet potatoes, and lots of pepper. They called this stew a &amp;amp;quot;pepper pot.&amp;amp;quot; Do I need to say more...Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos believed that corn grew with the moon so they planted it on hillsides during the new moon. Some corn was picked while young and tender and it was eaten raw. Fully ripened corn was roasted. Corn bread was made by soaking the kernels in water and mashing them to form them into loaves. Loaves were wrapped in leaves and cooked with a little water. Corn bread had to be eaten within a few days or it would spoil. Corn husks were used to wrap food for cooking (like pasteles, another food we invented). Beer was also made from corn. The men cleared the fields for farming, and they also hunted, fished, built canoas (canoes) and wooden paddles, and protected the yucayeques. Men fished using a net made from plant fibers. They formed harpoons from wood and tipped them with flint from bone or shells. They made fishing lines from plant fiber. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos used a suckerfish (remora) to fish by attaching a line to it and letting it swim away from the canoas until it attached itself to a turtle or some large fish. Then they carefully pulled the line in and captured the prey. They would also crush roots and stems of a poisonous shrub and cast it into the rivers. As the fish became stunned by the poison they could be caught by hand; the poison did not affect the fish for eating. The men also harvested conch, oysters, crabs, shrimps, lobsters&amp;amp;nbsp;and other shellfish. Not much hunting went on because there was no large game. However, the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos did hunt for birds, manatees, snakes, parrots, jut&amp;amp;iacute;as (small rodents), iguanas, and waterfowl. Spears, described by Col&amp;amp;oacute;n, as being made with a &amp;amp;quot;fish tooth&amp;amp;quot; or stingray spine, were often used as a hunting tool. No stone spears or arrow points have been found in the islands. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos would hollow a calabash, cutting &amp;amp;quot;eye holes&amp;amp;quot; into it. They would wear the calabash on their head while submerged in rivers or in the ocean, and thus were able to catch birds by grabbing them by the legs. They would use hats covered with leaves to catch parrots, which were a delicacy. The men cooked on a barbacoa, in fact, this is where our modern barbecue comes from. Puerto Ricans invented BBQ and do we get credit? well, I have never heard anyone say anything about barbecue except that it is from the south here in the states and I think that&amp;amp;nbsp;it's really wrong that our culture doesn't get proper credit. But there you have it my Boricuas our Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no ancestors cooked barbecue (or should I say it&amp;amp;nbsp;the way&amp;amp;nbsp;they named it barbacoa )&amp;amp;nbsp;as part of there natural foods.An interesting fact is that the pil&amp;amp;oacute;n was first used by the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no Indians. Historians such as Fray I&amp;amp;ntilde;igo Abbad and Fern&amp;amp;aacute;ndez de Oviedo mention having seen the Indians use giant size vases to mash different things. The ancient pilones were much like the pilones of today - the same shape but quite rustic and waist high. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos would place one foot on the base to prevent it from tipping over when hit with the giant macetas. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos used large hollowed out tree trunks to form waist-tall pilones. The hole was generally approximately 25 inches in diameter, but frequently varied in size. Some were small hand-held pilones, but they were still larger than the ones we use today. Since the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos used them, pilones were found in all the Caribbean Islands. The hole for the pil&amp;amp;oacute;n was burned out and carved using simple rustic tools. Giant macetas were carved out of trees also. The final product depended on the talents of the carver. Some were very rustic, but most were just plain and practical. Some were well-finished, smooth, and shiny on the outside; some were pieces of art with elaborate carvings. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos used the pil&amp;amp;oacute;n and maceta to mash corn, spices, medicinal herbs and other things. Ingredients to make body paint were also processed in a pil&amp;amp;oacute;n. Canoas were carved from a single, giant tree trunk. Spanish documents recorded that it took about two months to &amp;amp;quot;fell&amp;amp;quot; a tree, or to take it down by burning and chipping. Then it took many months to complete the canoa. Some canoas carried over 100 adults, and were used to travel great distances. Smaller canoas were also used. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos preferred to stay close to home, so their trade was mostly within the islands. Women cooked, tended to the needs of the family, tended the farm and harvested the crops. They also made pots, grills, and griddles from river clay by rolling the clay into rope and then layering it to form or shape. The inside was smoothed with stones and the spouts cut out with stones or sticks. The clay pottery was fired in a hole covered with flat stones and a fire built above it. Firing took many hours. Mothers carried their babies on their backs on a padded board that was secured to the baby's forehead. The board flattened the baby's forehead. Thus Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos had a flat forehead - something they found attractive. Carved dujos made from stone or wood with a raised tail used as a backrest were carved by both men and women. Dujos were short seats with four short legs with feet. Dujos with very tall backrests were ceremonial seats used by caciques and bohiques. Ceremonial dujos were richly decorated using gold laminate and semiprecious stones. They were a symbol of prestige. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos did not mine or dig for gold. Gold nuggets were hand picked from between the gravel in shallow streams and rivers. The gold was used to make earrings and nose jewelry. They also pounded the gold to make foils, which were used to decorate ceremonial masks, belts and other artifacts. Both women and men made beaded bracelets and necklaces using coral, shells, and stones. Cotton was cultivated and spun into threads for hammocks and naguas. Naguas were frontal aprons worn by married women and the only clothing worn by Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos. The length of the nagua was determined by rank: the longer the nagua, the higher the rank. Fibers from the calabash tree were also used to make twine and rope for baskets. They were also used in construction. Stripped fibers from palm branches were used to make cord. Some of this cord was used for hammocks. One hammock used approximately one mile of cord and was finished in thirteen hours. (hmm, we already knew how to use cotton and make things, but does the United States give us any credit in there history books? they really give a bad description of us and not enough credit in that Spain drained Puerto Rico of most all it's natural resources and culture to boot, culture that the United States has generously given&amp;amp;nbsp;away and&amp;amp;nbsp;credited to other cultures. Why? did they need it? and if so why would you allow another culture to live a lie? Well if you ask me they are doing us just as much an injustice as Spain did some 400 years ago).Areytos were religious ceremonies held in the batey, often involving neighboring yucayeques. Ceremonial dancing was one of the principal activities. Music and feasting accompanied the ritual dance. Dressing up for an Areyto meant donning colorful body paint, parrot feathers, seashell and coral jewelry, gold nugget earrings and nose jewelry. The caciques and bohiques wore capes decorated with feathers. The areytos celebrated different achievements, rituals, and social activities, such as the birth of a cacique's child, marriage ceremonies, death, or a visit by important guests (The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos were visited regularly&amp;amp;nbsp;by other cultures; like from Japan, China and Ireland before the european invaders&amp;amp;nbsp;that represented&amp;amp;nbsp;Spain). The maraca and g&amp;amp;uuml;iro were played as well as large drums. Conch shell trumpets and flutes made from bones or reed were played. Roasted&amp;amp;nbsp;pig was served along with cassava bread, yams, and perhaps pineapples. Corn beer was a favorite during areytos. Aguinaldos included in the areyto were tribal histories, genealogies, tales of great conquests and battles. Mock battles and ball games were held. Areytos often lasted several days. Cem&amp;amp;iacute;s encompassed the spirit of the god Yocah&amp;amp;uacute;. The cem&amp;amp;iacute;s were kept in shrine rooms. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos credited cem&amp;amp;iacute;s with powers that affected weather, crops, health, and childbirth, among other things. The cem&amp;amp;iacute;s came in all shapes and sizes including the &amp;amp;quot;three-pointer.&amp;amp;quot; The artists completed their own renditions of the cem&amp;amp;iacute;s, and this form of art and religious representation was abundant. The cem&amp;amp;iacute;s were carved from stone or wood. Many were adorned with semi-precious stones and gold. Most had representations of animals and men with frog-like legs. The bohique had cem&amp;amp;iacute;s painted on his body; sometimes he blackened his face with charcoal, and used tobacco, medicinal herbs, chants, the sounding of the maraca, and magic to heal. He taught the children of the elite group subjects such as social protocol, duties, obligations, mythology, and history. The bohique and cacique inhaled ground &amp;amp;quot;cohoba&amp;amp;quot; seeds, a hallucinogen. Often, tobacco and ground shells were added to the cohoba to enhance its potency. A ritual cleansing, which included carved vomiting sticks, preceded inhaling the hallucinogen. Cohoba was inhaled into the nose with tubes made from a variety of materials such as bones or tubers. The cacique's hallucinations were believed to be communication with the various gods.Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos were ancestor worshipers.&amp;amp;nbsp;They believed in an afterlife, so great care was given to the deceased; they were buried with offerings and food. Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos also played a ceremonial ball game called &amp;amp;quot;batey,&amp;amp;quot; which was played using a ball made from rubber plants and reed that bounced. The ball was heavy, so the participants wore some kind of padding on the body for protection. &amp;amp;quot;Batey&amp;amp;quot; consisted of two teams. It was played in a rectangular plaza edged by pillars with petroglyphs. After the game began, the ball could not be touched by the hands. Players kept the ball in the air by hitting it with their heads, shoulders, arms, hips, or legs. In Puerto Rico the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;nos used a game belt made from cotton threads or carved from stone. Some teams were comprised of women only. Athletic events were held in the batey or plaza, located in the middle of the yucayeque. Wrestling matches, foot races, archery contests, music, and dance were characteristic of Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no athletic events. Part of the Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no legacy to us is their art. Not much of it has survived but there are sculptures, ceramics, jewelry, weaving, scepters, daggers, cem&amp;amp;iacute;s, dujos, game belts and other Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no artifacts in museums today. Most of their ceremonial artifacts were hidden from the Spanish in caves. The Ta&amp;amp;iacute;no legacy of hospitality is evident in the campesinos in rural areas in Puerto Rico today.</description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 1 May 2008 05:05:35 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>Para Todos/as Mis Amistades..</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1001/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_1001/</guid>
		<description>		&amp;amp;nbsp;Its been a minute that I havent chatted with some of you.. Well just coming by to leave a lil something to all.. I miss my very close friends.. And ya know who ya are.. Muahzzz Mucho Amor y Cari&amp;amp;ntilde;o!!&amp;amp;nbsp;</description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 20:04:02 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>PARA TODOS...</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_998/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_998/</guid>
		<description>		</description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2008 11:04:22 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>Puerto Rican</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_997/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_997/</guid>
		<description>		Okay, so I want to know why Spanish, Puerto Rican, White, Black, Greek, Indian, Cuban... whoever, always call me a white girl? Just because I don't dress, talk or act like they do does not mean I am white, Nor am I ashamed of where I come from! No matter what clothes I wear, No matter how I speak, or where I live I WILL ALWAYS BE PUERTO RICAN! I listen to Spanish music, I eat Spanish food, I Speak Spanish..&amp;amp;nbsp;I may speak english around everyone else thats just because I only speak in spanish with my older relatives. They don't know english that well, and they refuse to speak in english to me and my cousins. I am tired of being called a white girl because I listen to rock music.. I can listen to whatever I want that doesn't change my love or attitude towards my own heritage! Sometimes people make me feel bad when I hang out with my white friends or go to a rock concert, It is just music and clothes are just clothes they do not define me nor do they choose my heritage for me they do not make me who i am nor will they tell you where I have been. I simply wish people would stop judging, stop with &amp;amp;quot;you can;t hang out with other races or be close to them because they aren't like us.&amp;amp;quot; It simply makes me sad when my puerto rican friends get jealous that I hang out with others, I get it puerto ricans need to stick together, and I believe in that I really do, but that does not mean&amp;amp;nbsp;I cannot be friends or date someone from another race/ethnicity. Standing up for puerto rican rights I am there in the forefront, I am involved in Puerto Rican/Spanish clubs, I love being Puerto Rican, I just wish that the people loved me back.. I love going to Puerto Rico and visiting my family every summer, But I hate the prejuidice I recieve because I am American Born! Seriously, I did not choose to be born in America! If I had the choice I would have loved to grow up in Puerto Rico to be there everyday, I love it there, I can't wait to go back. I just wish that Puerto Ricans could just learn to love eachother and stick up for one another instead of tearing eachother apart. In the long run we only have ourselves and everyone else against us, we need to stop being against eachother. &amp;amp;nbsp;Another thing that makes me sad, Is YOUNGer Puerto Ricans getting mixed up in gangs, drugs, violence and dropping out of schools, getting pregnant at a young age. I myself am 19 about to 20 years old, I am in college I dont want to drop out and get pregnant and be stuck with a child/family and without a life forever. My mother, my grandmother, and my great grandmother all had their children at 19 got married really young. my mother had me with my dad at 19 but they never married she became a single mother. she told me how hard it was for her and still is to get a job because she doesnt have an education. I told myself I would not be like my mother, grandmother, and greatgrandmother .. in that perspective. I would break the cycle and start a new one. I am turning 20 in two months.. so far no baby or sign of pregnancy (thank the lord) but when i look around my campus, all i see are white people and blacks.. where are my Puerto Ricans at? there are maybe 100-200 of us on campus out of 11,000 students! many of my Puerto Rican/Spanish friends either have kids or dropped out because they needed to help out their family, so they got a job instead. I get it, its hard at times, but seriously girls start closing up your legs, start going to school, get some good grades, stop caring about boy drama and girl drama, that will not help you in the future honey. Boys seriosly wear some protection, you may love her now, but what about tomorow? what about that other girl you love oh so much.. we are young we are not supposed to be having kids and growing up! we are supposed to go to school and do right. please Puerto Rican youth .. break the cycle.. parents please teach your kids the imporance of school and protection and birth control. especially with little girls maturing so young and boys as well because of all the hormones the government puts in our food.. &amp;amp;nbsp;god bless everyone, please be safe and talk to your children please do, they are the future of this world and though it may be going down, maybe it can be saved because you talked to your child. </description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Apr 2008 14:04:11 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
		<title>THE HOLY ALPHABET</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_995/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_995/</guid>
		<description>		THE HOLY ALPHABET&amp;amp;nbsp;Although things are not perfectBecause of trial or painContinue in thanksgivingDo not begin to blame Even when the times are hardFierce winds are bound to blow God is forever ableHold on to what you know Imagine life without His love Joy would cease to be Keep thanking Him for all the things Love imparts to theeMove out of &amp;amp;quot;Camp Complaining&amp;amp;quot; No weapon that is knownOn earth can yield the power Praise can do alone Quit looking at the future Redeem the time at handStart every day with worship To &amp;amp;quot;thank&amp;amp;quot; is a command Until we see Him coming Victorious in the sky We'll run the race with gratitude X alting God most highYes, there'll be good times and yes some will be bad, but... Z ion waits in glory...where none are ever sad! Author Unknown</description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Apr 2008 08:04:32 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>saludos a todos</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_993/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_993/</guid>
		<description>		SALUDOS A TODOS AQUELLOS QUE SIEMPRE SE ACUERDAN DE MI Y ME DEJAN SUS COMENTARIOS, EN REALIDAD SE LOS AGRADESCO Y PERDON POR NO RESPONDER PRONTO PERO SI ME ACUERDO DE TODO Y GRACIAS UNA VEZ MAS. Y PARA AQUELLOS QUE NO ME DEJAN MENSAJES TAMBIEN UN SALUDO POR TENGO AMOR QUE NI VOTANDOLO SE ACABA JA JA JA QUE BRUTAL. PEACE AND LOVE PARA TODOSLOS QUIERE BONGOCERO &amp;amp;nbsp;</description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Apr 2008 17:04:49 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
		<title>BORICUA.COMMMMMMMMMMMMMM</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_991/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_991/</guid>
		<description>		 </description>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 2008 19:04:37 -0500</pubDate>
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		<title>Princess on the way!</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_990/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_990/</guid>
		<description>		MyHotComments &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;Bueno ....... a solo 1 mes y medio ... para tener mi princesita en mis brazos!&amp;amp;nbsp;Le doy Gracias a Dios por permitirme llevar un embarazo bastante trankilo por el momento ... y gracias a todas mis amistades q siempre estan al pendiente d mi estado y hasta incluso d mis an&amp;amp;iacute;mos. Ya k aveces se pasa por momentos dificiles y enfrentarlos no es fac&amp;amp;iacute;l pero aki estamos.&amp;amp;nbsp;Cuidensen y pos los seguir&amp;amp;eacute; manteniendo al tanto  </description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2008 15:04:35 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
		<title>BEFORE I WAS A MOM</title>
		<link>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_989/</link>
		<guid>http://mundoboricua.com/index.php/public/rss/link_blogs/id_989/</guid>
		<description>		BEFORE I WAS MOM I NEVER LEARNED THE WORDS TO A LULLABY.&amp;amp;nbsp; I HAD NEVER BEEN PUKED ON, POOPED ON DROOLED ON,CHEWED ON, PEED ON... BEFORE I WAS A MOM.&amp;amp;nbsp; I HAD COMPLETE CONTROL OF MY MIND AND MY THOUGHTS.&amp;amp;nbsp; I SLEPT ALL NIGHT. I'VE NEVER LOOKED INTO TEARY EYES AND CRIED. I'VE NEVER GOTTEN GLORIOUSLY HAPPY OVER A SIMPLE GRIN. I'VE NEVER SAT UP FOR HOURS WATCHING A BABY SLEEP. I NEVER FELT MY HERT BREAKI INTO A MILLIONPIECES WEN I COULDN'T STOP THE HURT. I NEVER KNEW THAT SOMETHING SO SMALL COULD AFFECT MY LIFE SO MUCH. I NEVER KNEW THAT I COULD LOVE SOMEONE SO MUCH. BEFORE I WAS A MOM I DIDN'T KNOW THE FEELING OF HAVING MY HEART OUTSIDE MY BODY. I DIDN'T KNOW I WAS CAPABLE OF FEELING SOOOO MUCH BEFORE I WAS A MOM. I DIDN'T KNOW THAT BOND BETWEEN A MOTHER AND HER CHILD,THAT SOMETHING SO SMALL COULD MAKE ME FEEL SO IMPORTANT AND HAPPY. I HAD NEVER KNOWN THE WARMTH, THE JOY,THE LOVE THE HERTACHE,THE WONDERMENT OR SATISFACTION OF BEING A MOM.</description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 9 Apr 2008 19:04:22 -0500</pubDate>
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